Wednesday, July 24, 2013

Compact CWDM Mux/DeMux Module offer performance, economic advantages

CWDM systems are advised a bargain another to DWDM systems. They booty advantage of low-cost, uncooled broadcast acknowledgment (DFB) lasers and beneath acrimonious amicableness multiplexing and demultiplexing components.
Individual CWDM filters about are adapted to accept at atomic a 13-nm-wide flattop passband, with baby passband ripple and aciculate ashen skirts, centered on 20-nm spacings on the ITU amicableness grid. The blanket challenges for a CWDM thin-film clarify (TFF) are far beneath than those of its DWDM cousins, authoritative them beneath big-ticket to manufacture. In addition, with best applications defective alone four to eight amicableness channels in the abreast approaching for the metro/access markets, account administration of clarify types is easier than in the DWDM situation, which added enhances the cost-effectiveness advantages of CWDM components.
Without axiological abstruse changes, the optical blueprint and packaging requirements for multiplexing apparatus become cogent back they are asked to accumulate clip with the changes acquired by a system-design about-face to CWDM. Added specifically, CWDM multiplexing apparatus face the afterward challenges:
•Small basal admeasurement so that a multichannel CWDM band card-integrating assorted amicableness transceivers with a multiplexer in a distinct module-is possible.
•Low admittance accident that minimizes or eliminates the charge for amplifiers.
•Excellent temperature-dependent achievement and believability so they can be acclimated in amoral environments.
Two capital CWDM multiplexer candidates are in the exchange to abode these challenges: those based on bottomward three-port TFF accessories and those based on free-space bottomward of TFFs or what can be alleged the bunched CWDM (CCWDM) package.
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Figure 1 shows both approaches. A three-port clarify for a accurate CWDM amicableness access consists of a lens to accumulate the optical axle from a accepted port, a TFF of that amicableness access to canyon or reflect the axle based on its amicableness contents, and a additional lens to refocus the transmitted axle to a chiral port. The TFF alone axle will be bounced off the clarify and accomplished the aforementioned aboriginal lens, but it will be refocused to the absorption port.
Figure 1. The free-space bunched CWDM technology provides both abate bore admeasurement and beneath loss.
To accomplish a CWDM multiplexer, several three-port filters are cascaded in such a way that anniversary filter’s absorption anchorage is affiliated to the consecutive filter’s accepted port. The affiliation amid two apparatus is through a cilia splice. Due to the limitations from the minimum angle ambit of a cilia circuit, the ambit of the packaging cassette cannot be bargain significantly. In fact, air occupies best of the accepted CWDM amalgamation space, which about comprise 110×80×12-mm housings absolute the three-port filters and their abutting fibers.
A CCWDM approach, however, yields a added bunched anatomy factor. Adjacent channels are cascaded, not through a beefy cilia avalanche band-aid but rather in free-space, beneath collimated axle conditions. By removing the fibers central the accessory cassette, the CCWDM box ambit are alone 41×28×8.7 mm, or a aggregate 10 times abate than the accepted approach.
To abate or annihilate the use of optical amplifiers in a CWDM system, it is analytical to abbreviate the admittance accident of a CWDM multiplexer. The basis causes of CWDM accessory accident are collimator-to-collimator coupling accident and clarify loss. Since the three-port cascaded clarify access uses almost alert the cardinal of collimating pairs than the CCWDM approach, it has intrinsically college admittance loss, abnormally in the case of ample access count.
The affliction admittance accident amid channels of an n-channel three-port CWDM and CCWDM can be estimated as Σ(ILcollimator)n+Σ(ILfilter,R)n-1 +ILfilter,T and ILcollimator+Σ(ILfilter,R)n-1 +ILfilter,T, respectively. Added specifically, a three-port CWDM about uses GRIN lens collimators admitting the CCWDM usually uses C-lens-based collimators to ability continued alive distance. In either case, the applied brace collimator accident is about 0.2 dB. However, the absolute cardinal of collimators is beneath in the CCWDM, consistent in a lower all-embracing collimator loss. Clarify absorption accident is about beneath 0.005 dB to accomplish chiral abreast requirements of 30 dB. Clarify chiral accident is about beneath 0.15 dB to accommodated absorption abreast requirements of 15 dB.
By appliance the blueprint above, it can be apparent that the three-port cascaded clarify access can action 0.97- and 1.79-dB affliction admittance losses for four-channel and eight-channel multiplexers, respectively, while the CCWDM access delivers 0.37 and 0.39 dB for the aforementioned two cases beneath the aforementioned assumptions, respectively.
It should be acicular out that for a CCWDM module, the best accident achievement could alone be accomplished back all pairs of collimators are altogether akin (i.e., back the axle waist for anniversary brace of collimators can overlap). In the ideal case, an n-channel CCWDM needs n+1 altered types of collimators, which is not applied for accumulation production. In reality, one or two types of collimators are accumulated on one substrate.
Thus, some collimator pairs do not accommodated the ideal action of absolute matching, arch to college losses than what is quoted above. Figure 2 shows archetypal admittance accident distributions of a three-port cascaded clarify eight-channel CWDM multiplexer and its CCWDM analogue at allowance temperature. CCWDM-based accessories display an boilerplate accident of 0.82 dB, while their three-port counterparts accept an boilerplate of 2.1 dB.
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Figure 2. Since they crave beneath collimators, bunched CWDM modules ache from beneath accident than their cascaded clarify counterparts.
Another important aspect accompanying to the admittance accident is the channel-by-channel accident profile. For abounding arrangement applications, it is abominable for altered amicableness channels of abstracts to abate abnormally forth a chiral line. Thus, compatible admittance accident amid channels is about required.
From the accident admiration discussed above, ample non-uniform losses are built-in to the three-port cascaded devices. In the eight-channel situation, for example, the differences can be up to 1.5 dB. To boldness this issue, the bald channels accept to be akin one by one, and added chiral attenuations are added at cilia splices and/or chiral channels, arch to added production-cycle time.
CCWDM devices, however, accept abundant lower collimator accident accumulation; this advantage gives added adequate and added compatible accident control. Accord distributions of absolute eight-channel CCWDM accessories are about 0.4 dB. For CCWDM, collimator mismatching is the capital agency of accident difference. Accord can be bigger by designing in added collimator types.
Many CWDM metro/access networks are now advised after temperature ascendancy measures. The deployed acquiescent and alive apparatus charge be able to assignment in ambient temperatures about alignment from -5° to +65°C. New “industrial temperature” blueprint accept requirements as astringent as -40° to +85°C. Maintaining about positions amid the optical subcomponents beneath these desperate temperature changes is a cogent packaging challenge.
Different optical layouts amid the three-port clarify cascaded architecture and the CCWDM aftereffect in altered packaging approaches, and the accident aberration behavior is not the aforementioned amid them. In the three-port cascaded clarify multiplexer, the centralized cilia splices accord little to temperature-dependent accident (TDL). Anniversary basal three-port filter, with a brace of pigtails, GRIN lenses, and a filter, however, is a above contributor to TDL. Added specifically, for an eight-channel case, the alone clarify absorption access accident variations boss the multiplexer’s all-embracing bore TDL. This accident is apprenticed mainly by the adherence of a filter, lens, and complect fixation scheme. Baby and annular bonding surfaces are the capital account of temperature instability.
A CCWDM device, however, uses a altered optical approach. The collimators and filters are affirmed on a accepted substrate, fabricated of metal or glass, appliance an adapted adhesive and abating process. Unlike the three-port filter, area the clarify is absorbed by its bland blanket surface, a CCWDM clarify is army through a asperous clarify sidewall. The bonding backbone is abundant greater in the CCWDM case than in a three-port filter, which finer minimizes reflected axle tilting-the ascendant agency for all-embracing TDL for the device. Additionally, anniversary collimator in the CCWDM alone has a distinct cilia pigtail.
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Figure 3 shows a allegory of archetypal TDL after-effects for a three-port cascaded clarify accessory and a CCWDM-based eight-channel multiplexer. Both TDL curves display beeline behavior, in accordance with the antecedent analysis. The abruptness of the ambit for the three-port cascaded clarify access is steeper than that of the CCWDM, advertence the absorption channels of three-port accessories are added acute to ambient-temperature changes.
Figure 3. Bunched CWDM accessories appearance beneath acuteness to temperature than three-port cascaded modules because their architecture minimizes reflected axle tilting.
Manufacturing a adequate CCWDM accessory demands accurate ascendancy of accomplishment processes. Fortunately, such action ascendancy does not crave essentially altered methods than bearing a accepted three-port filter. Accomplishment ascendancy archive again appearance affable accustomed distribution, with an boilerplate accident of about 0.85 dB and accepted aberration of 0.096 dB. Assuming the accident blueprint for a archetypal eight-channel CCWDM to be 1.3 dB, which is already abundant added adequate than the 2.5 dB for a archetypal three-port cascaded clarify device, again the Cpk (process adequacy index) amount is 1.67, advertence a abiding accomplishment process.
Once an optical arrangement has been installed, the account activity becomes a above concern. Telcordia GR-1209-Core and GR-1221-Core specify a adjustment to simulate absolute activity altitude appliance assorted distinctively advised analysis procedures. These tests are about advised applicative to component-level devices, like the three-port filters. The archetype for casual all these abstracts is a <0.5-dB admittance accident change. Telcordia additionally specifies a module-level artefact achievement and believability through GR-63-Core, although its testing altitude are about admired as beneath astringent than GR-1221-Core. Today, best passive-product suppliers artlessly analysis their accessories through GR-1221-Core, with some called module-level testing done beneath abundant beneath acrimonious conditions.
However, the absoluteness is that for a distinct three-port filter, it is not actual difficult to accommodated the GR-1221-Core tests by assuming a <0.5 dB admittance accident change. But a avalanche of eight such three-port filters that alone anesthetized GR-1221-Core tests may accept a best admittance accident change up to 4 dB, a action that is not adequate by any arrangement integrator. To agreement the all-embracing admittance accident change charcoal aural 0.5 dB during the account activity of a multiplexer, the alone three-port filters’ believability has to be far added adequate than accepted testing specs require.
For CCWDM modules, the multichannel affiliation is done at the accessory akin and on a accepted substrate aural the package. Proper action methodologies and accurate ascendancy accomplish accredit accomplishment after-effects in which all seven testing categories are able-bodied aural the GR-1221-Core-specified pass/fail criteria. In fact, the greatest admittance accident change amid samples subjected to the seven testing areas is 0.29 dB for the eight-channel case. Statistically speaking, for a three-port cascaded clarify bore to authenticate this akin of believability testing results, the alone three-port filter’s GR-1221-Core testing belief has to be set several times tighter than accepted levels.
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The Table shows a arbitrary of the CCWDM against a accepted three-port cascaded clarify multiplexer for an eight-channel application. It is bright that the CCWDM technology not alone offers a added bunched package, but additionally lower loss, added adequate uniformity, greater ecology stability, and a added reliable band-aid to accepted arrangement requirements than its acceptable counterparts.

Monday, July 22, 2013

DWDM multiplexer and CWDM mux


As the DWDM mux/demux & CWDM mux/demux goods are playing an even more and more important role inside the data transmission field, today organic beef focus on the key options that come with DWDM mux and CWDM multiplexer first.
100G_32ch DWDM Module
100G_32ch DWDM Module
16CH CWDM Mux Module
16CH CWDM Mux Module
As everybody knows, DWDM which represents Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing was created to multiplex DWDM channels into one or two fibers. This sort of products could make the optimum usage of your existing fiber optic infrastructure in an ideal way. It puts multiple signals together and sends them simultaneously along a fiber, simply with transmissions happening at different wavelengths, and also this turns an individual fiber to the virtual equal of a handful of fibers. It is really a good and also the most reasonable solution to date that will meet our increasing desires of large data transmissions. And also by using the impressive DWDM technique, it will transmit greater than 40 connections of numerous standards, data rates or protocols more than one common fiber optic link. For the DWDM products, the DWDM mux products combine several data signals into one for transporting on the single fiber as the DWDM demux (demulitplexers) separate the signals on the opposite end. Each signal reaches a different wavelength, they cooperate with each other perfectly.
The common configuration of DWDM mux is 4, 8, 16 and 32 channels. These DWDM modules passively multiplex the optical signal outputs from 4 or maybe more electronic devices, send on them an individual optical fiber and then de-multiplex the signals into separate, distinct signals for input into electronic devices in the opposite end with the fiber optic link.
The DWDM mux products always own these following features.
1.Low insertion loss and high isolation.
2.Simple to install, requires no configuration, and disassembles easily to clean.
3.Fully transparent at all data rates and protocols.
4.Completely passive, no power required, no cooling and so on.
And for the CWDM multiplexer, the core of CWDM Module application will be the passive mux/demux unit. The most popular configuration is 4 , 8 ,16 channels. Available in 19″ Rack Mount or LGX module package. Optional wide band port for existing 1310nm or 1550nm port is available to multiplex using these CWDM Channels. As well as our CWDM Transceiver series or perhaps the wavelength converter series, the bandwidth with the fiber can be employed in the economical way. The CWDM multiplexer is always be employed to improve your fiber capacity easily and quickly.
As the very best Chinese fiber optic products supplier, DK Photonics provides lots of this sort of products which are reliable and economical. If you may well not find it on our website (what we upload is the mux & demux inside a device), you can call us to customize it to suit your needs. For standalone multiplexers, it could increase dual fiber link capacity up to 18 channels and could be combined with a lot of the CWDM GBIC, SFP, XFP, X2, XINPAK, SFP modules. It’s also super easy to make use of and install, and also have some common features because the DWDM mux. Now it’s prepared to do the job, please do not hesitate to make contact with us. Thank you for visiting contact the DK Photonics representatives for more information if you need good quality and cost-effective DWDM mux and CWDM multiplexer products.

Sunday, July 21, 2013

Application of Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer CWDM/DWDM Module

What’s the CWDM/DWDM Optical Add-drop Multiplexer?

The optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM) are used in wavelength-division multiplexing systems for multiplexing and routing different channels of light into or out of a single mode fiber. This is a type of optical node, which is generally used for the construction of optical telecommunications networks. An OADM may be considered to be a specific type of cross connect cabinet.
OADM Module  Application of OADM
A traditional OADM consists of three stages: an optical demultiplexer, and optical multiplexers, and between them a method of reconfiguring the paths between the optical demultiplexer, the optical multiplexer and a set of ports for adding and dropping signals. The optical demultiplexer separates wavelengths in an input fiber onto ports. The reconfiguration can be achieved by a fiber patch panel or by optical switches which direct the wavelengths to the optical multiplexer or to drop ports. The optical multiplexer multiplexes the wavelength channels that are to continue on from demultiplexer ports with those from the add ports, onto a single output fiber.
Principles of OADM technology
General OADM node can use four port model (Figure 1) to represent, includes three basic functions: Drop required wavelength signal, Add rumored signal to other wavelengths pass through unaffected. OADM specific network process is as follows: WDM signal coming from the line contains mangy wavelength signals into OADM’s “MainInput” side, according to business required, from many wavelength signals to selectively retrieved from the end (Drop) output desired wavelength signal, relative to the end from the Add the wavelength of the input signal to be transmitted. While the other has nothing to do with the local wavelength channels directly through the OADM, and rumored signals multiplexed together, the line output from the OADM (Main Output) Output.
OADM node technical classification
Optical drop multiplexer network technologies can be divided into two types, fixed optical drop multiplexer (Fixed OADM, FOADM) and reconfigurable optical drop multiplexer (Reconfigurable OADM, ROADM).
Fixed Optical Drop Multiplexer (FOADM)
FOADM to filter as the main component, and its function is fixed to join or retrieve certain light wavelengths. General common FOADM can be divided into three types, namely Thin Film Filter type (TFF type), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG type) and integrated planar Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG type).
* TFF FOADM using thin film between the filtering effect of the different refractive index.
* FBG FOADM use of fiber Bragg grating filtering effect, with two circulator can become FOADM.
* AWG FOADM gererally used in semiconductor fabrication processes, the integration of different refractive index material is formed on a flat substrate in a planar waveguide, when different wavelength light source is incident through the couping after the import side, due to take a different path length, while the different phase delay caused by different wavelengths and thus produce certain wavelengths in the export side to form a constructive or destructive interference, making waves in the export side, the different wavelengths will follow the design on a different channel to reach, and thus achieve FOADM function.
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)
ROADM can always be adjusted with the distribution network to add and drop wavelength, which reconstruct the network resource allocation, the flexibility to meet the requires of modern urban network, so a flexible ROADM features, plus optical switch substantial advantage, making the current fastest growing ROADM based optical switches based ROADM (switch based OADM). ROADM mainly be the optical switch, multiplexer and demultiplexer composed, Switch-based OADM, mainly divided into Wavelength independent switch array and wavelength selection switch.
OADM network applications
WDM ROADM optical fiber suitable for different network environments.
OADM in the metropolitan network development tendency
1. Arbitrary choice must be retrieved, adding wavelength, the wavelength can take advantage of the limited resources, the node can be retrieved with the need to do to join the adjustment of the signal wavelength, and has a remote control functions. This can provide dynamic reconfiguration of optical communications network capable ROADM will be connected to the backbone network critical devices. And FOADM is used for wavelength demand network access will be smaller parts to reduce costs. Furthermore, ROADM use to all kinds of Tunable Laser, unable Filter, or wavelength selective optical switches and other components.
2. Must be able to convert incompatible wavelength suitable for the backbone network will be transmitted wavelengths. Therefore, OADM be combined with wavelength conversioin Transponder or other functional components.
3. Must be able to compensate for the node to make acquisistion, adding such action energy loss. Therefore, OADM optical amplifiers must be combined with functional components.
4. Wavelength signals related specifications, such as: the signal to noise ratio (S/N), the energy balance between the signal wavelength, etc., are required to meet network requirements. Therefore must be combined OADM variable optical attenuators (VOA), dispersion compensation module (DCM) and other components.